RECENTLY ADDED
U.S. Senator Dick Durbin (D–IL) claims that Anthony Fauci is a “brilliant scientist” whose “work has helped save tens of millions of lives.”
IN FACT, Fauci funded gain-of-function research that likely caused the Covid-19 pandemic, lied about it to Congress, and repeatedly botched the response to the outbreak, potentially killing tens of millions of people. Here are the specifics:
• In 2012 — 7 years before SARS-CoV-2 emerged — Fauci wrote in an academic journal that a “moratorium on gain-of-function research” for a “highly pathogenic” virus “should continue” until certain conditions are met, but “scientists working in this field might say — as indeed I have said — that the benefits of such experiments and the resulting knowledge outweigh the risks.”
• During 2014 to 2019, Fauci’s division of the National Institutes of Health [NIH] gave $1,413,720 of U.S. taxpayer money to Communist China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology via a nonprofit called EcoHealth Alliance.
• On February 1, 2020 — one month after the first cases of C-19 were reported — Fauci emailed some of his colleagues that he and NIH Director Francis Collins spoke with “several highly credible scientists” who “were concerned about the fact that upon viewing the sequences of several isolates” of SARS-CoV-2, “there were mutations in the virus that would be most unusual to have evolved naturally in the bats and there was a suspicion that this mutation was intentionally inserted.”
• In the same email, Fauci wrote, “The suspicion was heightened by the fact that scientists in Wuhan University are known to have been working on gain-of-function experiments to determine the molecular mechanisms associated with bat viruses adapting to human infection, and the outbreak originated in Wuhan.”
• One day later on February 2, virologist Robert Garry of Tulane University — who participated in the meeting with Fauci — wrote about the molecular structure of C-19, “I just can’t figure out how this gets accomplished in nature,” but “in the lab it would be easy to generate” it.
• Two days after that on February 4, Garry and other scientists who were in contact with Fauci and had privately written that C-19 was likely created in a lab, sent to Fauci the draft of a paper in which they claimed, “It is unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 emerged through laboratory manipulation.”
• After that paper was formally published, Fauci touted it during an April 2020 press conference to allege that the structure of the virus was “totally consistent with a jump of a species from an animal to a human.”
• Testifying before Congress in 2021, Fauci denied 3 times that the NIH ever funded “gain-of-function research” at the Wuhan Institute.
• In 2023, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that some of the money Fauci’s team gave to the Wuhan Institute was used to fund “genetic experiments to combine naturally occurring bat coronaviruses with SARS and MERS viruses, resulting in hybridized” coronavirus strains.
• Buried in a footnote, the same GAO report reveals that the research to create these coronaviruses “was not subject to” a “gain-of-function research funding pause,” and the lab conducted a “limited” experiment “to test whether the spike protein from naturally occurring bat coronaviruses” could bind “to the human ACE2 receptor,” which is exactly what SARS-CoV-2 does.
• The NIH claimed that this research “could not have been the source” of the “Covid-19 pandemic” because “NIH analyzed” the “experiments” and “concluded that the naturally occurring bat coronaviruses were genetically distant from SARS-CoV-2.”
• However, a study published by the journal Nature in 2022 found that “SARS-CoV-2 progenitor bat viruses genetically close to SARS-CoV-2” “circulate in cave bats living” in “northern Laos,” and NIH grant documents for EcoHealth Alliance show that Fauci’s team funded “experimental work” at the Wuhan Institute to “understand the ability of bat coronaviruses to bind to human receptors” with bats from multiple locations, including “Laos.”
• With regard to the federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) — which is supposed to ensure government accountability and transparency — Fauci senior advisor Dr. David Morens exchanged a series of emails in 2021 with EcoHealth Alliance in which he told them that he “learned from our foia lady how to make emails disappear.”
• Morens also wrote, “I deleted most of those earlier emails,” “NOTHING gets sent to me except to my gmail,” “I can either send stuff to Tony [Fauci] on his private gmail, or hand it to him at work or at his house” because “he is too smart to let colleagues send him stuff that could cause trouble,” and “we are all smart enough to know to never have smoking guns, and if we did we wouldn’t put them in emails and if we found them we’d delete them.”
• After the pandemic began, Fauci multiplicatively overstated the C-19 death rate, which caused hysteria and prompted lockdowns that have and will shorten the lives of millions of people.
• Fauci repeatedly pushed for face masks in spite of the fact that no randomized controlled trial has ever found that masks have clinically meaningful benefits, dozens of studies show that they cause significant harms, and decades of studiesprove that contagious respiratory diseases are mainly spread by microscopic aerosols that easily penetrate cloth and surgical masks.
• Fauci repeatedly called for a permanent end to handshakes and insisted, “I don’t think we should ever shake hands ever again,” displaying further ignorance of the fact that C-19 and other contagious respiratory diseases are primarily spread by aerosols, not hand-to-hand contact.
• Fauci downplayed the potency and durability of naturally acquired immunity, which ultimately ended the pandemic.
• Fauci declared that 99.2% of all Covid deaths were among the unvaccinated, when in reality, more than half of these deaths were among the fully vaccinated.
• Fauci incessantly promoted Covid-19 vaccines, even after gold-standardrandomized controlled trials involving 73,000 people found no evidence that these injections save more lives than they take.
• On his last day in office, President Biden gave Fauci a “full and unconditional pardon” for “any offenses against the United States which he may have committed or taken part in” since 2014.
• In this week’s U.S. Senate hearing on the origin of the pandemic, Fauci invokedthe Fifth Amendment 111 times in response to questions about his role in it.
IN FACT, Fauci funded gain-of-function research that likely caused the Covid-19 pandemic, lied about it to Congress, and repeatedly botched the response to the outbreak, potentially killing tens of millions of people. Here are the specifics:
• In 2012 — 7 years before SARS-CoV-2 emerged — Fauci wrote in an academic journal that a “moratorium on gain-of-function research” for a “highly pathogenic” virus “should continue” until certain conditions are met, but “scientists working in this field might say — as indeed I have said — that the benefits of such experiments and the resulting knowledge outweigh the risks.”
• During 2014 to 2019, Fauci’s division of the National Institutes of Health [NIH] gave $1,413,720 of U.S. taxpayer money to Communist China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology via a nonprofit called EcoHealth Alliance.
• On February 1, 2020 — one month after the first cases of C-19 were reported — Fauci emailed some of his colleagues that he and NIH Director Francis Collins spoke with “several highly credible scientists” who “were concerned about the fact that upon viewing the sequences of several isolates” of SARS-CoV-2, “there were mutations in the virus that would be most unusual to have evolved naturally in the bats and there was a suspicion that this mutation was intentionally inserted.”
• In the same email, Fauci wrote, “The suspicion was heightened by the fact that scientists in Wuhan University are known to have been working on gain-of-function experiments to determine the molecular mechanisms associated with bat viruses adapting to human infection, and the outbreak originated in Wuhan.”
• One day later on February 2, virologist Robert Garry of Tulane University — who participated in the meeting with Fauci — wrote about the molecular structure of C-19, “I just can’t figure out how this gets accomplished in nature,” but “in the lab it would be easy to generate” it.
• Two days after that on February 4, Garry and other scientists who were in contact with Fauci and had privately written that C-19 was likely created in a lab, sent to Fauci the draft of a paper in which they claimed, “It is unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 emerged through laboratory manipulation.”
• After that paper was formally published, Fauci touted it during an April 2020 press conference to allege that the structure of the virus was “totally consistent with a jump of a species from an animal to a human.”
• Testifying before Congress in 2021, Fauci denied 3 times that the NIH ever funded “gain-of-function research” at the Wuhan Institute.
• In 2023, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that some of the money Fauci’s team gave to the Wuhan Institute was used to fund “genetic experiments to combine naturally occurring bat coronaviruses with SARS and MERS viruses, resulting in hybridized” coronavirus strains.
• Buried in a footnote, the same GAO report reveals that the research to create these coronaviruses “was not subject to” a “gain-of-function research funding pause,” and the lab conducted a “limited” experiment “to test whether the spike protein from naturally occurring bat coronaviruses” could bind “to the human ACE2 receptor,” which is exactly what SARS-CoV-2 does.
• The NIH claimed that this research “could not have been the source” of the “Covid-19 pandemic” because “NIH analyzed” the “experiments” and “concluded that the naturally occurring bat coronaviruses were genetically distant from SARS-CoV-2.”
• However, a study published by the journal Nature in 2022 found that “SARS-CoV-2 progenitor bat viruses genetically close to SARS-CoV-2” “circulate in cave bats living” in “northern Laos,” and NIH grant documents for EcoHealth Alliance show that Fauci’s team funded “experimental work” at the Wuhan Institute to “understand the ability of bat coronaviruses to bind to human receptors” with bats from multiple locations, including “Laos.”
• With regard to the federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) — which is supposed to ensure government accountability and transparency — Fauci senior advisor Dr. David Morens exchanged a series of emails in 2021 with EcoHealth Alliance in which he told them that he “learned from our foia lady how to make emails disappear.”
• Morens also wrote, “I deleted most of those earlier emails,” “NOTHING gets sent to me except to my gmail,” “I can either send stuff to Tony [Fauci] on his private gmail, or hand it to him at work or at his house” because “he is too smart to let colleagues send him stuff that could cause trouble,” and “we are all smart enough to know to never have smoking guns, and if we did we wouldn’t put them in emails and if we found them we’d delete them.”
• After the pandemic began, Fauci multiplicatively overstated the C-19 death rate, which caused hysteria and prompted lockdowns that have and will shorten the lives of millions of people.
• Fauci repeatedly pushed for face masks in spite of the fact that no randomized controlled trial has ever found that masks have clinically meaningful benefits, dozens of studies show that they cause significant harms, and decades of studiesprove that contagious respiratory diseases are mainly spread by microscopic aerosols that easily penetrate cloth and surgical masks.
• Fauci repeatedly called for a permanent end to handshakes and insisted, “I don’t think we should ever shake hands ever again,” displaying further ignorance of the fact that C-19 and other contagious respiratory diseases are primarily spread by aerosols, not hand-to-hand contact.
• Fauci downplayed the potency and durability of naturally acquired immunity, which ultimately ended the pandemic.
• Fauci declared that 99.2% of all Covid deaths were among the unvaccinated, when in reality, more than half of these deaths were among the fully vaccinated.
• Fauci incessantly promoted Covid-19 vaccines, even after gold-standardrandomized controlled trials involving 73,000 people found no evidence that these injections save more lives than they take.
• On his last day in office, President Biden gave Fauci a “full and unconditional pardon” for “any offenses against the United States which he may have committed or taken part in” since 2014.
• In this week’s U.S. Senate hearing on the origin of the pandemic, Fauci invokedthe Fifth Amendment 111 times in response to questions about his role in it.
Elizabeth Warren claims that “Democrats are fighting to lower the cost of housing, groceries, and health care — and we’re going to deliver real results for working people.”
IN FACT, Warren and the Democrat Party have consistently supported and enacted policies that raise the costs of housing, groceries, healthcare, and virtually everything else. Here are the specifics:
• As the Covid-19 lockdowns were being lifted and after the economy had grown at an 8.0% annualized rate over the prior 6 months, 99% of Congressional Democratsand President Biden enacted the “American Rescue Plan Act of 2021,” which added another $1.9 trillion to the deficit mainly for social welfare programs and bailouts for state and local governments and private union pension funds.
• Such massive levels of deficit spending commonly fuel consumer price inflationand asset inflation, which benefits wealthy people who have assets in real estate and stocks while making these assets unaffordable for middle-income people who would like to buy them.
• By four months after the passage of the American Rescue Plan, inflation had risen to 5.3%, and Biden responded by declaring that “no serious economist” is “suggesting there’s unchecked inflation on the way,” while he and other Democrats repeatedly denied the threat, implications, and reality of inflation.
• As inflation continued to soar and reached a peak of 9.0%, Biden, Warren, and other Democrats falsely blamed “grocery chains,” other corporations, “greed” and “price gouging” on a multitude of occasions for the inflation that was primarily caused by Democrat policies.
• Along with that, Biden allowed millions of inadmissible aliens into the country, which further drove up housing prices and rents.
• During Biden’s presidency, the median age of first-time homebuyers rose from 33 to 40 years old, a larger increase than the entire rest of the data series back to 1980, which Warren tried to pin on Trump.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support green energy mandates, which increase the costs of energy and virtually everything else.
• Warren and other Democrats support aggressive government regulations that inflate the costs of living, especially housing in regulation-heavy Democrat-dominated areas like New York City and California.
• Warren and other Democrats support canceling student loans, which raises the costs of college, sticks taxpayers with the tab, and disproportionately benefits higher income people.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support monopoly powers for unions, which raise taxes and consumer prices.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support significant increases in education spending, which raise property taxes while failing to substantially improve student achievement.
• Warren and other Democrats support mass illegal immigration, which reduces the wages of low-income workers and decreases the prices of services that high-income people purchase, like maids, nannies, and landscapers.
• In their Party Platform and throughout modern history, Democrats have consistently pushed for more government spending on products and services like childcare, housing, and healthcare, which makes these items more costly by blinding consumers to prices and enabling waste, fraud, and abuse while creating enticements to loaf and reducing incentives to work.
IN FACT, Warren and the Democrat Party have consistently supported and enacted policies that raise the costs of housing, groceries, healthcare, and virtually everything else. Here are the specifics:
• As the Covid-19 lockdowns were being lifted and after the economy had grown at an 8.0% annualized rate over the prior 6 months, 99% of Congressional Democratsand President Biden enacted the “American Rescue Plan Act of 2021,” which added another $1.9 trillion to the deficit mainly for social welfare programs and bailouts for state and local governments and private union pension funds.
• Such massive levels of deficit spending commonly fuel consumer price inflationand asset inflation, which benefits wealthy people who have assets in real estate and stocks while making these assets unaffordable for middle-income people who would like to buy them.
• By four months after the passage of the American Rescue Plan, inflation had risen to 5.3%, and Biden responded by declaring that “no serious economist” is “suggesting there’s unchecked inflation on the way,” while he and other Democrats repeatedly denied the threat, implications, and reality of inflation.
• As inflation continued to soar and reached a peak of 9.0%, Biden, Warren, and other Democrats falsely blamed “grocery chains,” other corporations, “greed” and “price gouging” on a multitude of occasions for the inflation that was primarily caused by Democrat policies.
• Along with that, Biden allowed millions of inadmissible aliens into the country, which further drove up housing prices and rents.
• During Biden’s presidency, the median age of first-time homebuyers rose from 33 to 40 years old, a larger increase than the entire rest of the data series back to 1980, which Warren tried to pin on Trump.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support green energy mandates, which increase the costs of energy and virtually everything else.
• Warren and other Democrats support aggressive government regulations that inflate the costs of living, especially housing in regulation-heavy Democrat-dominated areas like New York City and California.
• Warren and other Democrats support canceling student loans, which raises the costs of college, sticks taxpayers with the tab, and disproportionately benefits higher income people.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support monopoly powers for unions, which raise taxes and consumer prices.
• Warren and the Democrat Party support significant increases in education spending, which raise property taxes while failing to substantially improve student achievement.
• Warren and other Democrats support mass illegal immigration, which reduces the wages of low-income workers and decreases the prices of services that high-income people purchase, like maids, nannies, and landscapers.
• In their Party Platform and throughout modern history, Democrats have consistently pushed for more government spending on products and services like childcare, housing, and healthcare, which makes these items more costly by blinding consumers to prices and enabling waste, fraud, and abuse while creating enticements to loaf and reducing incentives to work.
Student Loan Repayments
Bernie Sanders claims it’s “unacceptable” that “student loan payments will go up as much as $4,000 a year” due to “Trump and his “Big Beautiful Bill.”
IN FACT, the federal student loan program has enriched colleges with declining standards while allowing borrowers to shift their debts to taxpayers. The BBB limits this by capping loans amounts and requiring repayment at bargain rates. Here are the specifics:
• In 1965, Congress and Democrat President Lyndon B. Johnson created a programto finance student loans for higher education via private lenders with the debts guaranteed against default by the federal government.
• Per the U.S. Treasury, governments create loan programs so that people who are “unable to afford credit at the market rate” or have a “high risk” of defaulting can borrow money at “an interest rate lower than the market rate.”
• Per the Congressional Budget Office, “When the government extends credit, the associated market risk of those obligations is effectively passed along to citizens.”
• In 1993, Congressional Democrats and Bill Clinton created a program to finance student loans directly from the U.S. Treasury and required that increasing portions of all new federal student loans be made through this program.
• In 2010, Congressional Democrats and Barack Obama passed a law requiring that all new federal student loans be financed directly from the U.S. Treasury.
• Per Deborah J. Lucas, director of the MIT Center for Finance and Policy and former chief economist of the Congressional Budget Office, “Government credit programs may have adverse consequences that must be weighed against their expected benefits,” and “some observers point to the easy and low-cost access to federal student loans as fueling the steep rise in the cost of higher education.”
• From 2003 to 2021, inflation-adjusted total student loan debt more than quadrupled from $0.4 trillion to $1.8 trillion.
• Since 2010, inflation-adjusted average annual spending per student at 4-year public colleges has risen from $52,305 to $63,159, with only 24% of this spending used for student instruction.
• Since 2010, inflation-adjusted average annual spending per student at 4-year non-profit colleges has risen from $67,238 to $82,116, with only 27% of this spending used for student instruction.
• In addition to student loans, federal, state and local governments spent $237 billion on higher education in 2022, or 87% of all spending by public and private colleges on functions that directly contribute to the education of students and the general public.
• As student loan amounts and college costs rose, Obama and Biden issued a flurry of regulations and directives that transferred the debts of student loan borrowers to taxpayers.
• In 2022, Biden announced that he is “forgiving” $20,000 of student loan debt for the vast bulk of Pell Grant recipients and $10,000 for most others who owe student loans.
• Biden’s fiat — which flagrantly defied federal law — would have cost taxpayers$605 billion to more than $1 trillion, or an average of $4,700 to $7,700 for every household in the nation.
• After the Supreme Court struck down Biden’s illegal decree in 2023, Biden continued taking other executive actions to transfer student loan debts to taxpayers.
• In 2025, Congressional Republicans and Donald Trump passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which prevents post-graduate students from unlimited borrowing by placing a lifetime student loan cap of $100,000 for grad students and $200,000 for professional students who study to become doctors, dentists, veterinarians, etc.
• The BBB also replaced a patchwork of “more than 40 repayment and discharge options” with two major options: (1) pay the loan back in the standard 10-year timeframe, or (2) pay it back based on your income.
• Under the income-based option, monthly payments are at least $10 and range from 1% to 10% of borrowers’ incomes with the “applicable percentage increasing by one percentage point” as income rises by $10,000.
• Thus, a person making $10,000 a year would pay no more than $10 per month. A person earning $50,000 per year would pay a maximum of 5% of their income, or no more than $208 per month. A person earning $100,000 per year would pay a maximum of 10% of their income, or no more than $833 per month.
• Also, monthly payments are reduced by $50 for each dependent of the borrower. Thus, a person with two dependents and $70,000 in income would pay no more than $308 per month.
• Also, the BBB waives interest in certain cases when “borrowers make on-time monthly payments, ending the cycle of payments that do little to reduce loan balances.”
• As the federal government became progressively more involved in higher education, the average time spent by full-time college students on educational activities like attending class and studying dropped from roughly 40 hours per week in 1961 to 27 hours per week in 2003.
• In 2005–2007, full-time students at 4-year colleges spent an average of 27–28 hours per week on educational activities and 43 hours per week on leisure activities and sports.
• A 2003 assessment of the literacy skills of graduating college students found that only 39% of males and 30% of females at 4-year colleges were proficient in quantitative literacy, which is the ability to “identify and perform computations” using “numbers embedded in printed materials,” such as “balancing a checkbook, figuring out a tip, completing an order form, or determining the amount of interest on a loan from an advertisement.”
• Entry-and-exit assessments of the “critical thinking, complex reasoning, and writing skills” of full-time students who entered 4-year colleges in 2005 and graduated in 2009 found that approximately one-third them didn’t improve their skills by more than one percentage point “over four years of college.”
Bernie Sanders claims it’s “unacceptable” that “student loan payments will go up as much as $4,000 a year” due to “Trump and his “Big Beautiful Bill.”
IN FACT, the federal student loan program has enriched colleges with declining standards while allowing borrowers to shift their debts to taxpayers. The BBB limits this by capping loans amounts and requiring repayment at bargain rates. Here are the specifics:
• In 1965, Congress and Democrat President Lyndon B. Johnson created a programto finance student loans for higher education via private lenders with the debts guaranteed against default by the federal government.
• Per the U.S. Treasury, governments create loan programs so that people who are “unable to afford credit at the market rate” or have a “high risk” of defaulting can borrow money at “an interest rate lower than the market rate.”
• Per the Congressional Budget Office, “When the government extends credit, the associated market risk of those obligations is effectively passed along to citizens.”
• In 1993, Congressional Democrats and Bill Clinton created a program to finance student loans directly from the U.S. Treasury and required that increasing portions of all new federal student loans be made through this program.
• In 2010, Congressional Democrats and Barack Obama passed a law requiring that all new federal student loans be financed directly from the U.S. Treasury.
• Per Deborah J. Lucas, director of the MIT Center for Finance and Policy and former chief economist of the Congressional Budget Office, “Government credit programs may have adverse consequences that must be weighed against their expected benefits,” and “some observers point to the easy and low-cost access to federal student loans as fueling the steep rise in the cost of higher education.”
• From 2003 to 2021, inflation-adjusted total student loan debt more than quadrupled from $0.4 trillion to $1.8 trillion.
• Since 2010, inflation-adjusted average annual spending per student at 4-year public colleges has risen from $52,305 to $63,159, with only 24% of this spending used for student instruction.
• Since 2010, inflation-adjusted average annual spending per student at 4-year non-profit colleges has risen from $67,238 to $82,116, with only 27% of this spending used for student instruction.
• In addition to student loans, federal, state and local governments spent $237 billion on higher education in 2022, or 87% of all spending by public and private colleges on functions that directly contribute to the education of students and the general public.
• As student loan amounts and college costs rose, Obama and Biden issued a flurry of regulations and directives that transferred the debts of student loan borrowers to taxpayers.
• In 2022, Biden announced that he is “forgiving” $20,000 of student loan debt for the vast bulk of Pell Grant recipients and $10,000 for most others who owe student loans.
• Biden’s fiat — which flagrantly defied federal law — would have cost taxpayers$605 billion to more than $1 trillion, or an average of $4,700 to $7,700 for every household in the nation.
• After the Supreme Court struck down Biden’s illegal decree in 2023, Biden continued taking other executive actions to transfer student loan debts to taxpayers.
• In 2025, Congressional Republicans and Donald Trump passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which prevents post-graduate students from unlimited borrowing by placing a lifetime student loan cap of $100,000 for grad students and $200,000 for professional students who study to become doctors, dentists, veterinarians, etc.
• The BBB also replaced a patchwork of “more than 40 repayment and discharge options” with two major options: (1) pay the loan back in the standard 10-year timeframe, or (2) pay it back based on your income.
• Under the income-based option, monthly payments are at least $10 and range from 1% to 10% of borrowers’ incomes with the “applicable percentage increasing by one percentage point” as income rises by $10,000.
• Thus, a person making $10,000 a year would pay no more than $10 per month. A person earning $50,000 per year would pay a maximum of 5% of their income, or no more than $208 per month. A person earning $100,000 per year would pay a maximum of 10% of their income, or no more than $833 per month.
• Also, monthly payments are reduced by $50 for each dependent of the borrower. Thus, a person with two dependents and $70,000 in income would pay no more than $308 per month.
• Also, the BBB waives interest in certain cases when “borrowers make on-time monthly payments, ending the cycle of payments that do little to reduce loan balances.”
• As the federal government became progressively more involved in higher education, the average time spent by full-time college students on educational activities like attending class and studying dropped from roughly 40 hours per week in 1961 to 27 hours per week in 2003.
• In 2005–2007, full-time students at 4-year colleges spent an average of 27–28 hours per week on educational activities and 43 hours per week on leisure activities and sports.
• A 2003 assessment of the literacy skills of graduating college students found that only 39% of males and 30% of females at 4-year colleges were proficient in quantitative literacy, which is the ability to “identify and perform computations” using “numbers embedded in printed materials,” such as “balancing a checkbook, figuring out a tip, completing an order form, or determining the amount of interest on a loan from an advertisement.”
• Entry-and-exit assessments of the “critical thinking, complex reasoning, and writing skills” of full-time students who entered 4-year colleges in 2005 and graduated in 2009 found that approximately one-third them didn’t improve their skills by more than one percentage point “over four years of college.”